Motorola in China

Official Summary In an unmistakable degree of incorporation overall economy today, individuals are progressively worried about the wonder of middle person partnerships and worldwide organizations revoke the customary innovative work structure in the host nation where they have set up innovative work communities. In this report I will talk about Motorola’s motivations to enter China and submit itself as a neighborhood organization. Besides, I will discuss the limitation techniques in china and its market position. Aside from that I will delineate the PEST and SWOT examination of Motorola’s confinement procedure in China.Furthermore, I will talk about the qualities of Motorola as the enormous developing business sector in China. Chapter by chapter guide Contents Executive Summary2 Table of content3 Abbreviations4 Introduction5 Main body6 Reasons for Motorola to enter China6 Strategies received by Motorola to enter China. 8 Operation system of Motorola9 Framework investiga tion of Motorola tasks in China10 India and China Global Trends12 Conclusion13 References13 Abbreviations PEST †Political, Economical, Socio-social, Technological SWOT-Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats SEZ †Special Economic ZoneCAMP †China Accelerated Management Program R&D †Research and Development IDEN †Integrated Digital Enhanced Network SARS †Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MNC †Multi National Companies ITO †International Trade Organization BPO †Business Process Outsourcing BRIC †Brazil, Russia, India, China GDP †Gross Domestic Product USD †United States Dollar SMIC †Semiconductor Manufacturing Internal Corp Introduction In 1987 Motorola built up a representative office in Beijing. It was managing exportation of broadcast communications apparatus and semiconductor to China.Due to the expansion of rivalries from different organizations, Motorola chose to move a portion of its industrialized exercis es to China. In 1992, Motorola China Ltd was built up and opened an industry in Tianjin. Motorola was the main overall market in assembling progressed electronic framework, interchanges segments and semiconductors. The organization for the most part managed cell, individual correspondence, resistance and space electronics’ and PCs and other a lot more gadgets items. As indicated by Wen-Cheng et al. 2010) because of its extension on business in six mainlands, Motorola utilized in excess of 142,000 individuals and keep up creation courtesies universally. Motorola had a basic target of priotizing customers’ fulfillment through quality, speed, innovation and cooperation. Motorola prevailing to satisfy its goal in China since it comprehended the market and the way of life of the individuals. It additionally kept up firm unwavering quality and concentrating on a thought of a world where everybody can achieve maximum capacity. In any case, in 2000’s Motorola began to e ncounter an enormous rivalry from the Chinese portable handset companies.Motorola’s advertise began to fall because of the expanding rivalry in the market. This drove Motorola to raise its deals and pieces of the pie by presenting new system in 2002 so as to keep up its market. The technique didn't help as the self evident actuality Motorola continued losing its market in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Fundamental body Reasons for Motorola to enter China The development of Motorola in China went corresponding with China’s financial turn of events and China’s association on the planet economy. Foundation of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in 1979 which invigorated speculators for the most part those which occupied with light assembling industries.The outside organizations that chose to bind at SEZ were advantaged to unique charges treatment and specific administrations like framework (Mack, L 2012). Chinese market size, China was the earth shattering business sector for the organization. Motorola believed that it was imperative to build up its assembling base and community for its organization research in China (Hedley, M 2012). In spite of China’s confused social and world of politics, Motorola had the option to make huge progress. It made it conceivable to make a path into Chinese market and turned into the main organization in the Chinese versatile market.It is said that Motorola cleared its prosperity because of the systems it executed and put into thought of the people’s culture and the market. Be that as it may, abundance of Motorola rendered the hugeness of the organization to join to the Chinese market. In 2003 Motorola mounted up speculation of $3. 4 billion which empowered the organization to be the first in the rundown of outside financial specialists in China. It was additionally probably the greatest exporter from China-sending out products worth more than $3. 5 billion (Gaur and Cateora 2006). In addition, setting up a corporate picture was another explanation behind Motorola to enter China and submit itself.Implementation of work force, business culture, materials, and showcasing restriction can set up company’s open picture. This is seen when Motorola chose to move its agent office to China and extended its business into different fragments. Notwithstanding that, in organizing its image among the Chinese, Motorola mounted various signs and commercials in occupied commercial centers and TVs so as to make individuals mindful of what they are managing. It additionally opened large stores in the market regions, for example, Shanghai and Beijing offering the most recent portable andsets models. Likewise, Motorola thought of an inventive idea named Motorola Towns which explicitly managed giving a selective retailing experience to purchasers. In these towns customers could stroll in and see with their own eyes versatile handsets and make an attempt outs of other innovative devices for nothing . This framework helped clients to get the information about the most present day innovative patterns and join them expressively with the organization. Nonetheless, this framework caused Motorola to get criticism from the clients about its items (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010).Low expense of crude materials for creation, Motorola offered mechanical help to its providers so as to get top notch crude materials for the creation of their wares. In doing as such, it effectively built up the providers from neighborhoods offer support to the organization. Motorola made up a solid and dependable relationship with these providers so they could create crude materials which will empower Motorola to deliver exclusive expectation wares. Motorola got a full utilization of these providers as they came to set up their assembling base in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006).Low expense of work, Motorola Company ensured that it creates high caliber of products with low expenses. In doing as such, it created exper ts from their own colleges so as to understand the business and association structure and rules and guideline. Chinese populace, in the year 1987 the number of inhabitants in China was roughly to 1. 1 billion. Because of that reality, Motorola registered that it would get a gigantic open door for the market of its items just as satisfactory labor to make the items for moderate and ease (PubMed 1987). Procedures received by Motorola to enter China.Motorola simply like some other global organization had its own techniques to enter Chinese market and ensure that it consumes it. What's more, this is the reason toward the beginning it set its industrialized offices in China. For its prosperity, Motorola received the five techniques which prompted its wonderful accomplishments to overcome the Chinese market. The methodologies are as per the following:- an) Investment/Technology move. Innovation move encouraged Motorola to continually improve the force of innovative work so as to flexibly the nation with the modern interchanges solutions.Motorola burned through $120 million in Tianjin territory for creation of pagers, mobile phones and basic coordinated circuits. Because of the extension of its innovation, Motorola built up the second plant for the creation of automotives gadgets, propelled chip, walkie-talkie frameworks and manufactured silicon wafers (Gaur and Cateora 2006). b) Management confinement. Motorola came into sense that so as to limit cost and increment its market’s share, it should utilize increasingly Chinese staff. The Chinese staff required administrative abilities with the goal that they could be able in management.To take care of that issue, in 1993 Motorola set up Motorola University to prepare the youthful staff about the global administrative circumstances. The University came to be the company’s preparing base as it managed correspondence innovation and business the executives. By the day's end, Motorola achieved gigantic achievem ent which prompted its responsibility to the individuals. It ensured that from seniors to the general staff were from neighborhood. Thus 90% of the staff was Chinese (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010). c) Local sourcing.Cost expansion was one major thing Motorola was attempting to maintain a strategic distance from; thus it sourced from neighborhood firms. Preparing was imperative to the staff to build up their standard by expanding innovative and administrative support. Preparing empowered the neighborhood organizations to raise their efficiency and estimation of the items and even bolstered them to enter into the world markets (Gaur and Cateora 2006). d) Joint endeavors/co-usable tasks. To grow its market in China, Motorola entered in 9 joint endeavors with Chinese organizations so as to expand its creation capacity.Joint adventure encouraged Motorola to build permission into the Chinese market without propelling more plants. Notwithstanding that, Motorola had the option to do a few invest ment funds through joint endeavors (Gaur and Cateora 2006). e) Brand confinement methodology. Restriction of the Motorola brand made it conceivable to hit the focused on gatherings. It restricted the brand socially to invade the clients. The items with the social brand generally ten

Why we left our factories in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why we left our processing plants in China - Essay Example Organizations are constrained by rivalry to sell items at the most reduced value conceivable at the best possible. Such, organizations are consistently watching out for ways on the best way to cut cost and improve quality on the contributions of creation. This push to cut expense regularly directs makers and organizations toward re-appropriate to China on account of the modest work and material expense. In the article by Sheridan Prasso entitled â€Å"Why we left our processing plants in China†, Prasso pointed the numbers why makers go to China. In 2005, Sleek Audio was provided a cost estimate of $20 of $19 or $20 for one specific segment that the Chinese were offering to make for $2 (2011). That is a challenging $17 to $18 value distinction with every segment. In the event that Audio Sleek will buy by the thousands, the value contrast will simply be exceptionally difficult to overlook. 2. Economy of scale In the article of Prasso, organizations are presently starting to leav e industrial facilities in China with the rising development called reshoring where business are starting to bring their activities up close and personal. One of the significant reasons refered to for reshoring is that it is exceptionally hard to manage China; other is the nearness of language hindrance and deferral accordingly time if there are any issues. Imprint even bemoaned that when they are in China, incredible consideration are being reached out to fulfill them where parts are made flawlessly when they are near. The difficulty is, the point at which they give the go sign to make 10,000 to 20,000 pieces, issues start to happen. The underlying expense in going to China might be modest that a business might have the option to have cost investment funds by going to China. However, it truly isn't that much a direct result of the concealed costs, the deferrals, transporting cost and the expense related with the expectation to absorb information. As a result, what has been at first spared was additionally settled by other coincidental expenses in going to China. This clarifies why numerous organizations are moving back to the US or reshoring. The citation cost in the US may have brought from $20 down to $19 to $8 in view of the ongoing emergency. US laborers are currently increasingly anxious to work too as a result of the shortage of the occupations. In any case, there is a value distinction between the new citation of $8 and the old cost of $19 to $20. Be that as it may, organizations in the US can make up at the cost contrast through economy of scale. Which means, it can recoup the lost benefit of the value distinction of the thing by making business as usual. This is truly plausible in light of the fact that the underlying experience of Sleek Audio when they chose to get back their activity in the US which won them the 2011 Best of Innovation grant from the 2011 Consumer Electronics Association. It show that segments that were made in the US were of amazi ng quality and that would urge different organizations to reshore their tasks back in the US. The impact on this to part creator would be an expansion in volume and in spite of the fact that they brought down their citation to get serious as far as estimating, the inescapable benefit at the limiting the cost can be recover through volume. In financial matters, the measure of augmentation regarding cost isn't generally steady with every volume included. This is particularly evident with assembling plants. To outline, let us utilize the above model. Let us state that the expense for making the segment is $5 for 1,000 units which would cost the segment producer $5,000 to fabricate a 1,000 unit of a specific part. On the off chance that a specific customer/s would arrange have a collected request for instance of 100,000 units, it doesn't imply that every unit would even now cost $5 to the part creator that would add up to $500,000. With that amount, the expense might be brought down to $4 per unit or $3 to the segment creator sparing them $1 or $2 with every segment which could cover the inescapable benefit of its previous cost of $8. This is on the grounds that some expense

Proposal Writing Services

Proposal Writing ServicesProposal writing services should not be used as a replacement for a good presentation. Professional writers are there to provide the proper presentation and make a presentation well worth the price that you pay.Readers will have many options when it comes to reading a proposal. They can read through a proposal, skim it, or check out the entire project online. A proposal that is poorly written or presented will only serve to frustrate your readers.Writing proposals has long been the bread and butter of many PR professionals. You must know how to get your message across and compelling enough to get the attention of readers. The first step in the proposal writing process is to determine what types of materials will be needed for the proposal. Do you need a spreadsheet to help track costs?When compiling the various proposals that you will need, consider where the money is coming from and where it is going. Is this a cost-driven proposal, or is it more of a 'pro b ono' project? Proposal writing services can help determine which factors are most important to consider in a particular proposal.You should think about the type of audience you want to target when creating your proposal. What type of demographics do you anticipate will be most interested in your proposal? These are important details that your writing service will help you with.How much information should you include in your proposal? Most people find it easier to digest an entire proposal, but be sure to stay on topic. A large number of people do not like being bombarded with too much information. Include everything that is necessary, but also keep it simple and concise.When looking for writing services, keep in mind who will be receiving your proposal. Youmay be working with a new client, or even your current client may not understand what you are offering. Your writer will provide help with editing and getting the material done properly. Remember that people have a variety of prio rities, so find a writer that will work well with your budget and schedule.When your writing services are hired, make sure that they understand the project that you are trying to accomplish. It is your responsibility to provide them with all of the information that they need to complete the project and then allow them to take it from there. Just remember to use them to write the proposals that you want, and not to rewrite the ones that you don't want.

Examples of Linguistic Conversion or Zero Derivation

In English grammar, conversion is a word-formation process that assigns an existing word to a different word class (part of speech) or syntactic category. This process is also known as a functional shift or zero derivation. The rhetorical term for grammatical conversion is anthimeria. Examples ofLinguistic Conversion Lets not Rumsfeld Afghanistan.(Senator Lindsey Graham, quoted in Time magazine, Aug. 24, 2009)Boyes spent the night with Mr. Vaughan, and they breakfasted together in the usual way upon bacon and eggs, toast, marmalade and coffee.(Dorothy L. Sayers, The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club, 1928)One writer who went on a tour of New Yorks Harlem district was shown the place where Adam C. Powell was funeralised. Another letter detailed an American friends eagerness to see the Prince of Wales coronated. On a flight to Boston, flight attendants promised passengers they would soon beverage, but later, because of adverse weather conditions, they said they were unable to complete beverisation. Asked about this trend, one American quipped: Any noun can be verbed.(Kevin Courtney, Con Text Verbing. The Irish Times, March 18, 2008) The Strategy of Conversion Consider sentences such as:- Henry downed a pint of beer.- Melissa went to town and did a buy.English, we note, lacks a simple means of saying to do something in one fell swoop. This may be why the word down can be converted into a verb to mean drink down in one gulp, and the word buy into a noun which, when combined with the verb do, means go on a single massive shopping spree. This type of fast-moving, thorough activity may represent a change in the pace of life, which is in turn reflected in the language since we increasingly make use of conversions--the conversion of one part of speech into another.(Jean Aitchison, Language Change: Progress or Decay? Cambridge University Press, 1991) Shakespeare's Conversions Shakespeare was the conversion expert. I eared her language. He words me. Some of his conversions seem really daring. Even the name of a person can become a verb. Petruchio is Kated. But all he was doing was tapping into a natural everyday usage that is still with us.(David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Which Came First? Almost all the examples [of zero conversion] are of shifts between noun, verb, and adjective. In some instances the direction of the shift is clear. We have had the noun text for a long time, but it has come to be used as a verb only recently with reference to sending messages full of abbreviations via mobile/cell phone. In other instances, we might hesitate to say which part of speech came first, as with plot, for instance. Was it a noun first or was it a verb first?(Barry J. Blake, All About Language. Oxford University Press, 2008) Conversion and Meaning Meaning is crucial to the system of word-classes, [...] as it is to the recognition of instances of conversion. Even if it were not for the homophonous noun plane carpenters tool, we would not wish to relate to plane smooth a piece of wood and a plane aircraft by conversion, because their meanings are not sufficiently close. What is a sufficiently close meaning (and how it can be defined) remains an open question. A slightly dubious example is to bank turn an aircraft and a bank side of a hill which, despite their etymological relatedness, may no longer be close enough semantically for us to wish to say that the same relationship holds between them as between to bridge and a bridge. Somehow, then, we need to operationalise the notion of related in meaning to a sufficient degree to allow us to recognise potential instances of conversion.(Laurie Bauer and Salvador Valera, Conversion or Zero-Derivation: An Introduction. Approaches to Conversion/Zero-Derivation, ed. by L. Bauer and S. Va lera. Waxmann, 2005) Pronunciation: kon-VER-zhun (a/k/a functional shift, role shifting, zero derivation, category shift)

Analysis Of `` Creating The Myth `` By Linda Seger

The concept of a hero has been around for many generations, and the meaning of a hero is defined in ways people grasp its idea. A hero can be a person who has a superpower and is willing to make a personal sacrifice for the benefit of others or can be an ordinary everyday person who just wants to help people out of his or her own heart. Linda Seger’s article, â€Å"Creating the Myth,† tackles the idea of a â€Å"Hero s Myth,† and shows the ten steps of how heroes are transformed from an ordinary person to the Savior. On the other hand, Robert B. Ray piece titled, â€Å"The Thematic Paradigm,† emphasizes that in modern films, it is either having an â€Å"Outlaw Hero or an Official Hero,† which he uses three stages to demonstrates how they are different each other in the way they perform in the society. Further, the article, â€Å"Out of Character: Wonder Woman’s Strength Is Her Compassion - What Happened?† by Stevie St. John, explains h ow Wonder Woman was viewed as a compassionate woman in the 1940s and 1950s, and in the 2000s she changes into a more violent person. In this essay, I argue that a hero is subjective, and is defined by the villain or event that they had to adapt to suddenly. To begin, Linda Seger’s article demonstrates how the idea of a hero is universal and is defined by their journey, which is incorrect because other cultures might define a hero as something else. In her article, she tries using ten stages of how a hero is sometimes just an ordinary person. Who then takes in orderShow MoreRelatedHero Myth Film Analysis3528 Words   |  15 Pages9/22/09 Project 1 Linda Seger’s 10-Point â€Å"A Hero Myth† Analysis The idea of heroismhas been traced back to centuries of years throughout history. Greek Mythology is the father of this concept of heroism and this concept has continued to grow and develop through stories, writings, and films over the years. Humans have always been intrigued with the idea of heroism which is why many movies, books, and stories are written after this very idea. In Linda Seger’s â€Å"Creating the Myth†, she argues there

A Research Study On Medical Billing And Medical Records

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And from my interaction with the office staff, I learned more about medical billing and medical coding and this assisted me better understand the administrative work. My involvement in research at the same time had helped me applying the concepts of the scientific research in clinical medicine. During my hand on rotation with Dr. Renfus at Children s Medicine, I participated by obtaining histories, performing physical exams, reviewing lab work and discussing differential diagnosis with assessment and plan. I was directly involved in patients care and I had a direct access to patient medical electronicShow MoreRelatedFour Core IT Applications Paper1424 Words   |  6 PagesFour Core IT Applications Paper Technology is derived from the Greek word tekne, meaning an art or craft. Logia is an area of study; thus technology is the study or science of crafting. Clinical information technologies are changing the way healthcare is delivered. 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Filipinos Forgiving Nature free essay sample

Why many Filipino people are forgiving? Giving offenders a â€Å"second chance† rather than punishing them is inherently Filipino. Let’s take for example the apology offered by the Magdalo mutineers which comes as no surprise in light of the Filipinos forgiving nature. Despite the very good laws we have here in the Philippines, we don’t think settlement of it will still be possible. We rarely condemn people, we just require them to change their ways. Ms. Arroyo’s granting of amnesty towards the Magdalo mutineers is just one of the issues that shows Filipinos tend to forgvive. We are not very legalistic except on impersonal matters, such as cases involving money or disputes between big corporations that don’t have a human face. For example, everyone agrees that we should go after tax evasion. Under the Filipino concept of justice, what is prescribed by law is not necessarily just. We tend to forgive easily when we find something valid in the reasons behind the offense. We will write a custom essay sample on Filipinos Forgiving Nature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That’s why we have the phrase ‘nadadaan sa magandang usapan’. The way we are raised by our families could affect the way we understand and look into the contexts of one’s behavior. For example, rather than be rigid over rights or claims, step siblings generally do not regard with spite but look after each other’s welfare even when one is illegitimate. And of course, the prodigal child is always given a second chance. No wonder why there are many unresolved cases in the Philippines. Some were given pardon by the government like the case of the former president Ejercito Estrada. Could it be the government’s way to come clean in the eyes of other countries in promoting the tourism industry? To front them that it’s easy to settle agreements here would attract many investors in the country. We‘ll, if that’s the case, many might really take advantage on the situation. And this would just prove that we don’t have rigid implementation of the very good laws here in the Philippines. This is also the reason why some government officials seems relaxed and other foreign countries doesn’t give much importance on Filipinos welfare in their land and they just take it easy when it comes to Filipinos. Maybe because they know the fact that we don‘t experience justice even in our own land, and we are used to it. Pity to those who really experience that kind of treatment. Upon hearing this, I bursted to the cab driver saying ito hirap sating mga Pinoy e, kapag tayo nahuli sa ibang bansa ng drug trafficking death penalty, kapag sila nahuli natin wala pang isang linggo nakalaya na. Theres a big problem with our government or our Filipino blood we are too soft, too forgiving. This is one of the reasons why most of us have no pride and dignity when we are in another soil. I really want to thank Manny Pacquiao for giving the Filipinos some pride. How should other country value our laws when we Filipinos don’t put much attention to these and some just don‘t take it seriously? When we are in their country we are treated like rats but when they are in our country they are treated like kings. I dont know what‘s wrong. If a Filipino guy will enter a building in his own country the security guard will look for an ID with intense body search but if they will see that the guest is a foreigner, Filipinos will happily greet them without checking their bags not even thinking that they could be the terrorist that will kill them. I have nothing against to any foreigners but I got beef with my own blood. If this will continue, probably we will become slaves in our own country.

Catcher In The Rye Essays (1153 words) - Literary Realism

Catcher In The Rye In JD Salingers' Catcher in the Rye, a troubled teenager named Holden Caufield struggles with the fact that everyone has to grow up. The book gets its title from Holden's constant concern with the loss of innocence. He did not want children to grow up because he felt that adults are corrupt. This is seen when Holden tries to erase naughty words from the walls of an elementary school where his younger sister Phoebe attended. "While I was sitting down, I saw something that drove me crazy. Somebody'd written 'Fuck you' on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how they'd wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them- all cockeyed, naturally- what it meant, and how they'd all think about it and maybe even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoever'd written it. I figured it was some perverty bum that'd sneaked in the school late at night to take a leak or something and then wrote it on the wall. I kept picturing myself catching him at it, and how I'd smash his head on the stone steps till hew as good and goddam dead and bloody." (201) His deep concern with impeccability caused him to create stereotypes of a hooligan that would try to corrupt the children of an elementary school. Holden believed that children were innocent because they viewed the world and society without any bias. When Phoebe asked him to name something that he would like to be when he grew up, the only thing he would have liked to be was a "catcher in the rye." He invented an illusion for himself of a strange fantasy. He stated that he would like to follow a poem by Robert Burns: "If a body catch a body comin' through the rye." He kept "picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody's around- nobody big, I mean- except me. And I'm standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff- I mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. Thats all I'd do all day. I'd just be the catcher in the rye and all. I know it's crazy, but that's the only thing I'd really like to be." (173) Holden wants to stop children from "falling" into losing their innocence and becoming an adult, and he takes pleasure in the attempted thwarting of maturation. In the beginning of Catcher in the Rye, his initial character is one of a child. Throughout the book, he takes steps and the forces of change take a toll on his childish ways. In the end, he seems to be changed into a man. Holden is definitely extremely immature in the beginning of the book. He characterizes almost every person he meets as a "phony". He feels that he is surrounded by hypocrites in a school filled with fakery. Principal Thurmer, the principal of Holden's high school, Pencey, was the leader of the whole charade. During a teacher/parent day, Principal Thurmer would only say hello to the wealthy parents of students. He would not associate himself with those that were not financially stable, because he was a phony. Holden also maintains a lack of responsibility throughout the whole book. He was the equipment manager of the fencing team at Pencey, but he lost the equipment on the subway. He also failed out of two schools for lack of effort and absences from classes. Holden also had a daydream about two children who never grew up, whore main in a perfect world forever. This daydream is a result of his younger brother Allie's death. Allie represents the unchangeable youth of which Holden must let go if he ever expects to maintain sanity. Holden has a fixation on childhood, which shows itself in many forms. His glorification of children, inordinate admiration of Phoebe, idealization of his dead younger brother, and the joy he gets from reminiscing about his own childhood all contribute to his obsession with innocence and youth. Throughout the middle of the book, forces of change unfold on Holden. While waiting for an old friend of his, he had

Gangs of NY essays

Gangs of NY essays "America was born in the streets," reads the cover of the Gangs of New York DVD. This Historical film was undoubtedly one of the most popular films of 2003. To cast Cameron Diaz, and Leonardo DiCaprio together in a ten-time academy award nominated film, Martin Scorsese must get credit for being a part of History, if not re-creating it. Over one hundred and thirty-five of the top critics agreed that it was one of the years top pictures, according to the DVD cover, but not all historical critics may have felt the same way. One in particular, a professor at Loyola University in Chicago, was very harshly critical. And in his Article, Why Myth Matters, Timothy Gilfoyle makes some interesting points about why the movie was not as historically accurate as it could have been. While analyzing the factors that influence his skepticism, it is also important to take into consideration the point of view he is coming from as a historian, as well as the views of those that see Scorseses version of the Gangs of New York as an accurate depiction. The film's thesis, put simply, is that pre-modern America was dangerously vicious, and through bloody warfare, Irish immigrants fought with protestants and other immigrants to find a place for themselves on the economic social ladder. Levels of servitiude and heroism were differentiated by this bloody warfare and street violence. Even during the Civil War, the great turning point in American history, the Union was hardly unified. Within that context, before the advent of professional police forces, social services, and housing codes, urban slum-dwellers led their lives in chaotic, desperate, sometimes violent circumstances. Gangs warred over territorial grounds competing with corrupt police and others that posed as a threat to the immigrant evolution in America. Gangs of New York makes the attempt to re-create this history in a bloody, filthy, and slum...

Crisis Communications Paper on MS13 Gang Violence Essay

Crisis Communications Paper on MS13 Gang Violence - Essay Example This radical change in this field caused the mankind inviting many problems as well as solutions to deal with them. Appropriate communication during the time of crisis plays a pivotal role to manage the situation effectively. As at the time of crisis the emotions are at their highest level because of stress which often makes people behave in an erratic way. Confusion creeps in their mind to manage the crisis and at that time effective communication skills comes to their rescue. Crisis situations may vary in their nature such as a disastrous situation due to a natural calamity or a terrorist attack or even violence caused by the street gangs and many others. All these situations demands prompt actions which in turn can lead to wrong moves. "Adequate coping skills along with other balancing factors, such as realistic perception of the event and social support can help minimize overreaction"(Radziewicz, http://www.conversationsincare.com/web_book/chapter03.html). In recent days youth ga ngs are mushrooming at many places causing havoc in the society with their violent deeds. One such deadly and violent youth gang of United States and of Central America is MS-13 which poses a threat to the life and liberty of the people. Mara Salvatrucha abbreviated to MS-13 derives its origin to the Civil War of El Salvador in 1980s which caused a million of Salvadorans to emigrate to USA and settle there as refugees. These immigrants in USA faced a bitter opposition from the Mexican gangs formed by other immigrants settled there earlier which prompted the Salvadorans to form their own gang for defending their existence. But soon the gang expanded and became the largest gang symbolizing violence and barbarism to their peak. "Composed of mostly Salvadorans and other central Americans-many of them undocumented -the gang has a uniquely international profile It's considered the fastest growing, most violent and least understood of the nation's street gangs" (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7244879/site/newsweek). Unlike other gangs the members of MS-13 are very flexible in their activities. They are into various fields of crimes specializing in extortions, drug and arm trafficking, homicides, cross border human trafficking, theft and so on. "Mara Salvatrucha members have tattoes on most of their upper body, including the arms and face, with lettering done in Gothic (Blackletter) style. The "MS" and "13" is always tattooed on them. (This has resulted in the arrest and detention of many people, first in Honduras then in El Salvador for illicit association based entirely on the fact that they are wearing tattoos associated with gang membership) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara_Salvatrucha). The members of MS-13 are relatively fearless compared to other gangs and shows zero tolerance to the persons who became informant to the cops about their misdeeds. Even they act defiantly without being intimidated by the law enforcement officials easily. The members who abandons the gang is brutally killed by other active members. They impose rent on the people in the locality in which they live in lieu of guarranty of the security of the locals from the threats of other gangs. They are quite adept at using exlosives, firearms and grenades. Having been trained in guerilla warfare the MS-13 members frequently change their places

Segmentation and Target Market Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Segmentation and Target Market - Coursework Example The process is guided by several factors including behavioral, demographic, psychographic, and geographic factors (Reid & Bojanic, 2010). Apple has used behavioral segmentation with impressive effectiveness. It refers to the division of the market based on the actions of consumers. In addition, the process involves an evaluation of the consumer information available to the organization (Rollins & Perri, 2014). The release of new iPhone models is informed by the knowledge that consumers will be attracted by the possibility of upgrading their mobile phones. In addition, the iPod was released to meet the need for a portable and convenient device that can allow users to listen to music on the go. The need to create a platform from which users can access music led to the creation of the iTunes store. Apple has created a culture of brand switching due to the disruptive technology that they have consistently pioneered. Consequently, it has enabled it to create a perception as an innovative company, something that most consumers find attractive. The organization understands consumer behavior. Although consumers are willing to acquire new technologies, they also value the existing ones. As a result, they need products that integrate the two technologies. In addition, it has features that support the integration of features of other organizations. For example, it has made it possible for consumers to access Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Consumers are attracted to technologies that enable them to retain the features they had before. It is evident that the organization considers demographic factors as it develops its products. Firstly, products such as the iPhone have so many features that make it suitable for people of all ages from children to adults. Children can play the games that are available in its App store. Teenagers can listen to a lot of music from the iTunes store. In addition, the

Vernacular And Contemporary Use Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences Essay

Vernacular And Contemporary Use Of Bamboo Environmental Sciences Essay Bamboo is one of the oldest known and used materials by mankind. Due to the rise in the environmental concerns, wood has become a critical resource. Bamboo is also very effective in sequestering carbon and helps in reducing the green house emissions. Bamboo is one of the few materials which have an enormous range of uses. It can be used as a construction material, for interiors, in furniture design, as a decorative plant and it is also a delicacy in the culinary world. Bamboo has a substantial history of application in construction due to its structurally desirable properties. Since bamboo is light weight, it is used in other industries like construction of boats and as structural members in kites and planes since primitive times. Bamboo has been used in China to make paper, cloth and Rayon. The tensile strength of bamboo makes it a crucial factor in construction of the bridges across rivers in India and China. The use of bamboo in various industrial processes has shown a great potential for the production of composite materials and components which can be effectively used in the structural and non-structural applications in building construction. Most importantly, bamboo is a renewable raw material. Bamboo is a group of giant and fast growing perennial grass. It is native to the tropical, sub tropical and temperate areas of all the continents other than Europe. Bamboo can be found in a wide range of climates, like the cold areas of the Indian Himalayas to the hot tropical areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Vernacular and contemporary use of bamboo: The native people of Asia, Africa Central and South America used bamboo for housing purposes. This architecture was categorised as vernacular, because it used the locally available resources and traditions to address to the local issues and climatic conditions, without an architect intervening. The vernacular architecture of any place is the reflection of the environmental, social and historical context in which it exists. It is basically the architecture that has been carried on since the old times or the native traditional architecture of a place. In many countries, the poor people in rural areas used bamboo to build their houses. This bamboo was obtained after its use as scaffolding in building construction. Since the primitive people used bamboo for building their houses, and the bamboo that they used, was the used bamboo from the construction industry, it came to be known as the poor mans timber. A shift from the use of bamboo as a building material occurred only after the adven t of modern materials like concrete, brick, steel etc. The use of these materials changed the mind set of people and their use became a status symbol, because they were stronger and more durable than bamboo. Bamboo is adaptable to most climates, and is found in large numbers in the Asian sub-continent; many areas in these regions have adopted the use of bamboo as a building material, and created their own vocabulary for designing with bamboo. After harvesting and treatment against insects, local materials and techniques can easily be adapted with bamboo for building construction. Availability of bamboo: Bamboo is mainly found in the chain islands of Oceania (Thailand, Singapore, islands surrounding Philippines and Micronesia), warm areas of South America (Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador and Columbia), Central America (Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba and Honduras), Africa (Madagascar, Nicaragua, South Africa, democratic Republic of Congo and Kenya), North America and Asia (China, India, Japan, North and South Korea and Bangladesh). Out of all the bamboo species available, roughly 300-500 species are found in China alone. In all, Asia contains 64% of the worlds bamboo diversity. Most of the developing countries of the world are located along the equator. These countries have a fast growing population and have an ever increasing need for housing. These areas have climate that is conducive for bamboo growth. The use of bamboo as a construction material in these areas is suitable, because it is a fast growing, inexpensive and locally available resource and has excellent construction qualities. Bamboo can be found in areas at the sea level as well as at altitudes of about 3800m. Majority of the bamboo species grow at temperatures from 25-50 degrees Celsius. Sandy loams to loamy clay soils are suitable for bamboo growth. Bamboo cannot thrive in saline soil. CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBOO: The biological classification of bamboo is as follows: Kingdom : Plantae   Phylum ( Division) : Magnoliophyta   Class: Liliopsida   Subclass: Commelinidae   Order: Cyperales   Family: Gramineae (Poaceae)   Subfamily: Bambusoideae   Tribe: Bambuseae   Subtribe: Bambusinae There are two types of bamboos, the running type (herbaceous) and the clumping type (woody). Of these two, the running type is mostly found in the temperate climates or in the high mountainous regions of the tropics and they produce both, a culm and rhizomes. A culm is the above ground vertical shoot and rhizomes are the long underground shoots. Generally, the bamboos found in the tropical regions are the clumping type. The clumping type has a tendency to produce large diameter and thicker walled culms, but has very short rhizomes. Bamboo which is three to six years old is suitable for the purpose of construction. Herbaceous bamboos sprout from the same main root and grow in dense clumps. They have thin culms and many leaves. In the woody bamboo, many culms sprout from the same stem since it grows horizontally beneath the soil. The characteristic of woody bamboo is that it grows thick and tall. The straight culms are most suitable as a building material. Most of the woody bamboos can grow in temperatures of up to -17 degrees Celsius. The herbaceous type of bamboo cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. Since bamboo belongs to the grass family, it grows by stretching upwards and not in concentric rings like trees. Most of the species of bamboo grow hollow and have varying thickness of the outer wall. Diaphragms or nodes divide the central chamber of the stalk into sections at regular intervals. This gives bamboo its stiffness. The shape of bamboo, its hollow and brittle nature all these together pose several challenges while designing with bamboo. Also, the areas in which bamboo is usually found have a temperate or tropical climate and hence rainfall is ample in these areas. The bamboo that is used in these areas which are humid must be protected from moisture otherwise it may rot and fail. Similarly, when exposed to severe sunlight, bamboo expands and contracts due to the heat and this can result into the bamboo splitting and cracking. In such cases, the bamboo must be protected from sunlight. As a building material, bamboo has many advantages owing to its lightweight, hollow and versatile nature. Bamboo can be used to design buildings that allow natural ventilation by creating breathable walls, floor and roof structure. The shape and size of bamboo also provides for versatility in design. This type of construction is suitable in areas like the tropics which tend to have a humid and hot climate. Properties of bamboo: Tensile properties: Bamboo has a tensile strength equal to that of steel owing to the strong fibres within its shoot. This strength is greater parallel to the shoots as compared to the strength perpendicular to the grain direction. This is an important consideration while designing connections for load transfer. Compressive properties: The compressive strength of bamboo is due to the hollow cylindrical shape of the culm, where the strongest fibres are along the outer edge and stiff nodes at equal intervals along the length which act as diaphragms. The bamboo shoot would possess a relatively high compressive strength axially if it were to grow in a perfectly straight manner. Bending strength: The fibres that run along the length of the bamboo make it most vulnerable to excessive bending, which causes the bamboo shoot to lose its circular form and hence its strength. There are numerous parameters like age, position of the culm, moisture content, skin surface and distribution node which greatly affect the bending strength of the bamboo shoot. Shear strength: One of the most important drawbacks of bamboo in terms of its material properties is its low shear strength. The walls of the shoot are relatively thin, and contribute significantly to the cracking and splitting of the culm. Buckling failures: Owing to its slender nature, the bucking strength of bamboo is an important factor that needs to be taken into consideration while designing. Density: After conducting various studies, it has been found that some species of bamboo that grow in the Asian and American continents have a density greater than that of timber. The average density is 700-800kg/meter cube; however this value varies with each individual species. Seismic resistance: Bamboo shoots have a low modulus of elasticity and a high strength to weight ratio of the culm and hence, bamboo structures react well to earthquakes. Since bamboo structures are light weight as compared to concrete or steel, they cause relatively small inertial forces from earthquakes. Bamboo also has a reduced response to ground movements owing to its flexible nature. CONTEMPORARY USE OF BAMBOO IN BUILDING DESIGN: Owing to its structural properties and versatility, bamboo has manifold uses in the construction industry. It can be used for making walls, both interior and exterior, for making roofs, as scaffolding, for flooring, for making partitions etc. Bamboo has been used by man in the construction of temporary structures, huts, mud houses etc. since a long time. Over the years, the methods of construction used since the primitive times, have evolved and adapted themselves. Even though there have been advances in the techniques used in bamboo construction, the basic principles from the age- old methods have remained the same. Case studies: The Green School, Bali, Indonesia: Architect: PT Bambu / Aldo Landwehr, John Hardy. The campus of the Green School is sustainable and is beautifully designed along both the sides of river Ayung in Sibang Kaja, Bali. It is situated in a jungle with a variety of native trees and plants and organic sustainable gardens. The campus of the Green School is powered using a number of alternative energy sources like bamboo sawdust hot water and cooking system and a hydro -powered vortex generator and solar panels. The campus has spaces like classrooms, gyms, assembly areas, offices, cafes, faculty housing etc. Bamboo is the locally available and sustainable material which has been used so as to exploit its maximum potential. Bali is located along the equator and has a tropical climate. This climate is suitable for bamboo construction. The Green School understands and respects the vernacular architecture of the region and goes a step further than just creating modern spaces using traditional materials. The Inspiration Office, Kochi, Kerala, India: Architect: Prasad Jonathan. D. W. The premises of the Inspiration office in Kerela, India cover an area of about 2750 sq.ft. It is the first building of its kind. It is an experimental design, which has attempted to develop a new technology (bamboo reinforced plaster). They have then used this plaster in walls, floors and roofs. RCC columns, ferro-cement beams and very little reinforced plaster have been used along with bamboo to achieve the beautiful design of this building. One of the remarkable characteristic of the building is that out of the total bamboo used, 25% was from areas in the vicinity of the site. The concept of the design is based on an open plan. This helps in allowing the communication flow, but keeps the privacy intact. The office is divided into public spaces, semi- private spaces, private spaces and executive spaces. Micro-steel reinforced mortar bamboo composite is used for infill floors, walls and roof of the building. There is a difference of about 4-5 degrees between the interior and exterior temperature on an average. BAMBOO as a low impact construction material: Bamboo is a giant grass and can grow up to 4 feet in a day. The shoot of bamboo can be cut like grass and the roots inside the earth will grow a new shoot, this makes it a highly renewable resource. Bamboo has been used in building construction since the ancient times. It is a traditional building material which is available at a much lower price than other traditional building materials. It also has advantages in terms to sustainability, flexibility and growth time as compared to the other traditional materials. The characteristic of bamboo that makes it a sustainable material is that some varieties of bamboo can grow up to 4.3 inches a day. Bamboo can be harvested in three to five years. In the first 180 days of its growth, bamboo will reach nearly 100 feet. Bamboo is instrumental in carbon sequestration because it grows in a greater density and faster than a forest with trees. In comparison to other wood products, bamboo requires little energy for curing after it is cut. On an average, the medium size culms require about four months to dry up completely. Harsh chemicals are not necessary to preserve bamboo; it can be preserved using natural substances and non- toxic chemicals. Simple techniques like keeping it off the ground and keeping it dry will increase the life of bamboo as a building material. Concrete can be reinforced with bamboo instead of steel. This would reduce the impact on the environment, as the production of steel is more energy consuming and steel has more embodied energy as compared to bamboo. Bamboo is a very good example of sustainability, in terms of it being a plant as well as a building material. Numerous tests have been conducted to evaluate the performance of bamboo for compressive and tensile strengths as compared to traditional wood species. Due to its light weight, bamboo performs better in shear than materials like concrete which have greater mass. The bamboo which is suitable for building construction can grow in poor soils since it requires very little nutrients. The woody bamboo which is suitable for construction purpose reproduces asexually by spreading and this continues during the growing season. This growing season varies according to the climate, but it normally lasts for about four to six months of a year, generally when the temperatures are warm and rainfall is regular. This means, that no special care needs to be taken for growing bamboo, and hence as a result, . Using bamboo that is grown locally as a building material would help in saving the shipping cost and consume less fossil fuel. Preferably, bamboo that is grown within a radius of 150-200kms from where it needed should be used for construction because it has low embodied energy and hence it is more environmentally friendly. CONCLUSIONS: Bamboo is typically found in the tropical and temperate regions of the world. In most of the areas where bamboo is found, the native species, that are readily available, are used for construction. Bamboo is also used for various other purposes like furniture design, textile making, as food, for making instruments etc. Bamboo is rapidly renewable as a building material and it can be harvested almost every 5 years, which means that one can grow his own house! Even though controlling the growth and spread of bamboo is a difficult task, bamboo growth is advantageous because it converts carbon dioxide into oxygen more effectively than trees. The physical properties of bamboo allow it to be bent into various shapes whenever required, when heat is applied. Since the use of bamboo as a building material has not gained as much popularity as a few other materials, there is a lack of construction systems which are needed to work with bamboo. Similarly, standardisation of bamboo construction techniques is also necessary. While there are many individual species of bamboo that are on the verge of extinction, the cultivation of bamboo as a building material is harmless. The use of bamboo as a building material has more advantages than disadvantages. If properly cultivated and harvested, bamboo can be grown and used as a building material where it is necessary in the highly populated areas of the world. Bamboo as a building material is inexpensive, lightweight, regenerative and sustainable and it needs to be explored to its full potential. Bamboo needs to be mainstreamed in regions where it is available in plenty and easily and needs to be used in modern architecture. Abstract: This essay discusses the probable use of bamboo as a low impact building material in tropical, sub- tropical and temperate regions of the world, where it is found in abundance. Bamboo belongs to the grass family, it is evergreen and perennial; it is thus becoming an increasingly popular building material. Bamboo owes this to its credentials; it grows very fast, it is easy and cheap to cultivate and it is extremely strong. We live an age, where the construction industry is ranked as one of the least sustainable industries and it eats up most of the non-renewable resources available globally. The choice of a building material is generally made after considering the technical, functional, financial and design requirements. However, in the last few decades, sustainability has become a huge problem and hence, the environmental impact of a building material is now becoming the prime criterion. Thus the qualities of bamboo are very appealing as a low impact building material. Today, we need to emphasise on finding innovative solutions for building materials which impact the environment to the minimum. Bamboo is a potential sustainable alternative to the conventional structural materials like concrete, steel and timber in the regions where it is grown in plenty, and the climate is suitable for bamboo construction.

Trail Of Tears :: essays research papers

Trail of Tears Trial of Tears and the Five Civilized Tribes During the early years of 1800s, valuable gold deposits were discovered in tribal lands, which by previous cessions had been reduced to about seven million acres in northwest Georgia, eastern Tennessee, and southwest North Carolina. In 1819 Georgia appealed to the U.S. government to remove the Cherokee from Georgia lands. When the appeal failed, attempts were made to purchase the territory. Meanwhile, in 1820 the Cherokee established a governmental system modeled on that of the United States, with an elected principal chief, a senate, and a house of representatives. Because of this system, the Cherokee were included as one of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes. The other four tribes were the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and the Seminoles. In 1832 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Georgia legislation was unconstitutional; federal authorities, following Jackson’s policy of Native American removal, ignored the decision. About five hundred leading Cherokee agreed in 1835 to cede the tribal territory in exchange for $5,700,000 and land in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). Their action was repudiated by more than nine-tenths of the tribe, and several members of the group were later assassinated. In 1838 federal troops began forcible evicting the Cherokee. Approximately one thousand escaped to the North Carolina Mountains, purchased land, and incorporated in that state; they were the ancestors of the present-day Eastern Band. Most of the tribe, including the Western Band, was driven west about eight hundred miles in a forced march, known as the Trail of Tears. The march west included 18,000 to 20,000 people, of whom about 4000 perished through hunger, disease, and exposure. The Cherokee are of the Iroquoian linguistic family. Their economy, like that of the other southeastern tribes, was based on intensive agriculture, mainly of corn, beans, and squash. Deer, bear, and elk were hunted. The tribe was divided into seven matrilineal clans that were dispersed in war and peace moieties (half-tribes). The people lived in numerous permanent villages, some of which belonged to the war moiety, the rest to the peace moiety. In the early 19th century, the Cherokee demonstrated unusual adaptability to Western institutions, both in their governmental changes and in their adoption of Western method of animal harvesting and farming. Public schools were established and in the 1820s, a tribal member invented an 85-character syllable script for the Cherokee language. Widespread literacy followed almost immediately. In 1828 the first Native American newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix, began publication. Today in Oklahoma, much of the culture has remained the same. Their traditional crafts are most strongly preserved by the Eastern Band where their basketry is considered to be

Henry Viii, the Tyrant of England Essay

All throughout history, many important figures have contributed to the growth and development of the world in several aspects including the economic and political advancement of their corresponding regions. However, many of these great leaders have achieved this goal through various contrasting ideologies, as seen with the rule of Henry VIII in England during the 16th century. Henry VIII, also known as Henry Tudor, ruled between 1509 and 1547 during which he was â€Å"regarded as England’s most important monarch† (Mcenegart). While King Henry is credited to playing a vital role in the development of England, the methods by which he achieved this title can be considered questionable due to controversial actions he had taken during his rule; Henry is still criticized to this day for his dramatic reduction of the nation’s economy due to expensive warfare and expansion, and his extensive spending to ensure his place as the king (Mcenegart). I believe that King Henry is an extremely tyrannical yet effective leader in history because of his active role in the development of England and the social strife and economic conflicts he brought to the complex civilization. Biographical Information Henry Tudor existed during a crucial event in history with the secession from the Roman church, and was born in Greenwich England on June 28, 1491. As a child, Henry Tudor was a very enthusiastic student and enjoyed learning. His father, Henry VII, enrolled him to learn various languages including Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian while at the same time required him to study mathematics and music. In his leisure time, Henry Tudor enjoyed hunting numerous animals, and took part in physical competitions including wrestling and jousting in which he was regarded as being able to draw â€Å"the bow with greater strength than any man in England† (â€Å"Henry, VIII†). However, in 1502 Henry’s eldest brother died due to tuberculosis. Arthur Tudor was the rightful heir to receive the throne after his father; however Henry then became the eldest son to Henry VII and was next in succession to inheriting the throne (Mcenegart). As a result, Henry Tudor was forced by his father to marry his brother’s wife, now a widow, named Catherine of Aragon, the first of many Catherine’s he would soon marry (â€Å"Henry VIII.† Great 105). Shortly after on April 22, 1509 the ruthless yet notorious father of Henry Tudor passed away, allowing Henry Tudor, now more popularly known as Henry VIII, to receive the throne as the youngest and first uncontested Prince to ascend as the King of England (Mcenegart). Leadership Qualities Throughout the rule of the new King of England, many leadership qualities Henry possessed soon became apparent and served as a crucial example of how he was to lead the citizens of England. After the death of Henry VII, Henry Tudor claimed the throne and immediately became the next ruler, Henry VIII of England. In the early years of his rule, Henry quickly discarded his father’s trusted chief ministers, Edmond Dudley, and Richard Empson who he had executed for treason in 1510. Henry then primarily focused on foreign affairs in which he supported Spain but acquired a detested view of the French, and soon conjugated with Spain in their efforts to invade France in 1512 by distributing troops to help support the war effort; this in return lead to the victory of the Battle of the Spurs in 1513 and the acquirement of the cities Tournai and Thà ©orouanne. The War of the Holy League then concluded with the marriage between Henry’s sister Mary Tudor to Louis XII of France, comp leting the treaty between the two regions. Following this marriage, â€Å"Henry received the papally bestowed title, ‘Defender of the Faith’ as a reward for writing the Assertion of the Seven Sacraments, a criticism of Lutheran doctrine† (â€Å"Henry, VIII†). In the later years of King Henry VIII’s rule, he began to focus less on foreign affairs and gradually increased his interest in the English Reformation. In 1530 after several negotiations, Henry realized that the secession from the Roman Catholic Church would be the only way to achieve what he desired politically and socially. As a result, he created an independent church that would â€Å"declare his marriage to the guiltless Catherine null and void†, seeing that she could not produce the desired male heir that king Henry so desperately required, and one that would end his marriage without question to his authority (â€Å"Henry VIII† Great 106). Throughout his rule, King Henry found himself married to several wives including one marriage to Anne Boleyn who gave birth to Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen of England, but was still unable to give birth to the desired male heir that would take the throne following King Henry VIII’s rule. After the birth of Elizabeth, Anne Boleyn became â€Å"a shrew of a wife† and was accused of adultery and witchcraft, by Henry himself, and was executed later that year (â€Å"Henry VIII† Great 106). Following the death of Anne, Henry was soon married to Jane Seymour, who for the very first time was able to create a son that would serve as the male heir for the throne; however, Henry’s wife quickly passed away due to natural causes during childbirth. As was expected of the King, Henry accused his following three wives, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr, of adultery in which only Catherine Parr was spared (â€Å"Henry VIII, King† 442). During the complicated marriages of Henry VIII, he was also very focused on the English Reformation in which he decided to educate his son in Protestant beliefs so the future King of England would carry on his legacy. During the 1540’s however, Henry became very weak and unhealthy; as a result he wrote a will that stated if Edward was to die without any male heirs, the crown would descend to Mary and then onto Elizabeth (â€Å"Henry VIII† The Renaissance 350). Soon after the will was written, the honored yet feared King Henry passed away on January 28, 1547 (â€Å"Henry VIII, King† 443). Connection to Literature The tyrant Henry VIII is characterized as an incredibly smart individual who is manipulative in his efforts to achieve his desired goals and often caused chaos and complications where conflict may have been easily avoided. The King of England is easily comparable to Curley’s wife from the book Of Mice and Men, in the aspect that both shared very similar personalities. In this book, Curley’s wife often desired to be around other men that appreciated her and would unintentionally cause conflicts between the numerous farmhands. Early on in the book, Lennie begins to develop an interest in Curley’s wife noticing how pretty she was when they first met. Near the end of the book, Lennie and Curley’s wife are alone talking to each other while all the other men are gambling on a game of horseshoes; during this discussion, Curley’s wife mentions how soft her hair is, and as Lennie starts to feel it, she begins to become nervous and pull away. Lennie however does not let go of her hair and accidentally snaps the fragile neck of Curley’s wife. Henry VIII of England and Curley’s wife are similar in numerous ways. Both had created pandemonium among the civilians around them through poor decision making and conflicts they had created. While Curley’s wife associated herself with other farmhands causing tension between the workers; King Henry VIII had also associated himself with the wrong women in whom he decided to have killed through accusation of adultery or witchcraft. The several wives of the king were unable to produce a male heir he so desperately desired so as a result, he caused unnecessary tension by killing them in a similar way Curley’s wife was killed, through decapitation. Both Curley’s wife and Henry VIII played a vital role in the lives of others and without them, the events succeeding them would be drastically changed. Conclusion Without the existence of Henry VIII of England, the outcome of the War of the Holy League and the connection between church and state in England would still be very contrasting to this day; on the other hand, Henry’s rule was very costly towards the nation’s finances and several critical horrifying decisions he had taken while King confirmed his existence as a more tyrannical leader in history. While he did create a separate Protestant church in England and helped form valuable connections between France and Spain, several hundred men and women were accused of treason and put to death at the mercy of his word. Alongside these men and women, several of Henry’s personal friends and family members were also put to death including his father’s trusted advisors and many wives just because they were unable to give him what he wanted. Henry’s life had an astronomical impact on a very complex civilization during his time period; however many of the actions he had taken were to nourish his extensive and controlling lifestyle in which he was willing to do anything to achieve his goals (â€Å"Henry VIII† Renaissance 351).

Salvador Dali Research Paper - 1116 Words

Eldis Lima Art 100 Professor: Plourde 9 April 2013, Spring Qtr 2013 5 Page Research Paper Salvador Dali Biography Salvador Dali was a pioneer. Few pages are not enough to tell the story of an eccentric, hardworking, disturbed and misunderstood master. Born in Figueras, Spain on May 11, 1904 near France into a middle class family. Childhood was turbulent, difficult, and abusive. Raised full of indulgences by his mother that resulted in the known eccentricities he had. (Dali, Secret Life, 115). Bright, extreme intelligent and fast learner child that created highly sophisticated drawings by age 6. In 1916 went to study drawing at College de Hermanos in Figueres, starting to show eccentric behavior for the first time.†¦show more content†¦Dali employs a â€Å"concrete irrationality† surrealist style giving us the illusion of realism. Design is precise, using symmetrical perspective employing a geometrical figure’s composition. The painting is well balanced. Presence of the light coming from the northeast gives a sense of a natural landscape. The light and shadow relationship â€Å"pops the elements out† and creates contrast. The pain of war is expressed by the grotesque mutating human body ripping itself apart with the anguishing facial expression. Artwork 3 Honey is Sweeter than Blood Salvador Dali Oil on wood panel, â€Å"Honey is Sweeter than Blood† was one of the first studies and attempts by Salvador Dali to move from Cubism to Surrealism. (Pixtot, A. â€Å"Presentation of the latest†, 1). The painting has a disturbing meaning of portraying the female body in a state of decay, connected to the present prostitution in Paris at the time. The symmetrical perspective is simple but effective, by using the naked female body as a center of focus. Color is on a high hue rich in blues and limited to a high contrast chiaroscuro skin tones over the background washed out skies. Psychological obsessions and struggle with preoccupations of decadence, death, sexual obscenities and immoralities were present in his works. Artwork 4: â€Å"The Temptation of St. Anthony†,Show MoreRelatedSalvador Dali Research Paper2486 Words   |  10 PagesSalvador Dali Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904 in a small town called Figueres in Spain near the Pyrenees Mountains. This town was also near the French border in the principality of Catalonia. Dali was from a rich family and his parents built his first studio for him when he was only a young boy. He spent his summers in Cadaques where his studio was and he lived most of his adult life in an extraordinary villa near Port Lligat. When Dali was just a young man when he went to the RoyalRead MoreSalvador Dali s Work For Inspiration1508 Words   |  7 Pages Salvador Dali is a 20th century artist from Spain and he is known for having the technique ‘surrealism’. 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